For stones typically over 2cm
Precise percutaneous approach when RIRS is not enough.
PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) removes large or complex kidney stones through a small tract created in the back.
Under anaesthesia, a small access tract is created. Instruments fragment and remove the stone. You typically stay overnight for observation.
Hospital stay is usually short. Activity resumes gradually over 1–2 weeks. Follow-up imaging confirms stone clearance.
PCNL is chosen for large stone burden, complex anatomy, or when RIRS cannot achieve complete clearance. The decision is never one-size-fits-all.
